There is, in this world, a class of people whose goal it is to find a
weakness in your past and find a way to confuse you and make you screw
up enough that they can garnish your wages, drain your savings and take
your money. These people are called collection companies.
What
they do is buy paperwork from credit card and other financial companies
and try to turn that into money. The paperwork is the record of an
abandoned credit card balance or some other debt that has not been paid.
The company buys the legal right to try to collect on that debt.
One
could make a political point about this, but mainly, it is very often
unfair and, even more often, simply abusive. While I am sure that there
are some people who can pay for these things and simply choose not to, I
am equally sure that most people who leave debt like this behind simply
came upon bad times and can't cover the bill. Sucks to not be able to
control all the economic events in one's life and these people are there
to take advantage of that weakness.
In my case, it was an old
credit card. My ex-wife is sure she paid it after our divorce but, she
is not good at paperwork and had no records of any kind from that era.
The debt was for a few thousand dollars and, even if I had believed the
debt was legitimate, I had absolutely no way to pay it off. The economy
has not been kind to me. I had to fight them. It turns out that this is
easier than I ever would have thought.
STRATEGY
The
salient point is this: They do not have a case. If it gets to a lawsuit,
they will lose. The paperwork they buy from the previous creditor is
mere decoration. It has, on it's own, no legal value. It is, if you
watch tv legal dramas you will recognize this term: hearsay.
The
company (in my case it was a nationwide company called Resurgent Legal
Group) is there to produce dollars. The way they do this is to put you
through a modestly complicated legal process and hope that you will fail
to execute properly so they can go to the judge and get a "Summary
Judgement". They will tell the judge that you have not made any claims
that the facts are wrong and, therefore, they are entitled to garnish
your wages, etc. If you have not done the paperwork correctly, that
claim will be correct and the judge will give them your money.
THE OVERVIEW
If
you execute properly, you will have established for the judge that there is a disagreement about the
facts and he or she will have to grant a trial to figure out the real truth. Since
the collection company only has hearsay paperwork, they will not want a
trial and will dismiss the suit.
If a miracle happens and they do
show up for the trial, you would have to tell the judge that the
paperwork is hearsay. You would, at the beginning of the trial, object
to the paperwork being entered as evidence because it's hearsay. The
collection company lawyer might say that records collected in the normal
course of business are exempt from the hearsay rules.
That is
true, but these records were not collected in the normal course of the
collection company's business. These were supposedly collected in the
course of the credit card company's business. Unless the credit card
company is the one suing you, it is still hearsay. It means that the
only evidence that the collection company has is not allowed. QED
THE PROCESS
More
likely they will give up without a trial but, to get to that point, you
have to pay close attention. In my case, in addition to the standard
paperwork, they changed the date for the summary judgement hearing
several times over the course of months. It would have been very easy
for me to miss the real court date. You also have to do the paperwork
correctly.
Let me hasten to preface: This is the story of how it
went for me and it's only the parts I consider important. I got several
letters that were announcements of this or that which were not
important. More importantly, in your state/county/village, the details
might differ. YOU HAVE TO PAY ATTENTION AND ACT QUICKLY. Read carefully
to figure out if you should do something. You should also TALK TO A
LAWYER.
GETTING STARTED
One day, you get a letter offering
to settle a debt. It says that it will take half the money and call it
quits. It says that this is a collection effort and that anything you
say can be used against you. As far as I can tell, you have no
obligation to respond to this. Later you will get a letter saying that
they have retained council. It is not mandatory that you reply (I
didn't) but, now I think it would have been good to reply to this letter
saying that you have no idea what they are talking about. Send it
registered, return receipt requested.
(Someone also told me, when
I got this, that it was a good idea to get set of credit reports to
have a record of them at that time. I never found a use for them but,
better safe than sorry.)
IT GETS REAL
Later, you will get a
letter that says something "Complaint". It will be very formal and will
have "Counts" and "Sections" and such. Do not tell them anything except
that you deny everything and even then, refer to it by their paragraph, don't
use your own words. I admitted that I lived at an old address and they
kept telling the judge that this was proof I owed the money. They will
use anything you say against you. I went through it and denied each
paragraph (they are numbered). "Paragraph #1, I know of no such
account." "Paragraph #2, ...". Then I sent it to them, registered,
return receipt.
You should be better than me and go to
the public legal help office (in my state, the civic center has a "Legal
Self Help" office that will let you talk to a lawyer for fifteen
minutes whenever you need to). Show him or her the paperwork and your
response and do whatever your told, unless it's to settle. Don't do
that.
REQUEST FOR ADMISSIONSEventually, you will get a
more formal paper that makes a list of assertion questions. "Did you
live at..." "Do you owe this money..." "Do you have such and such an
account..." You can't lie but, you also probably don't really remember
things that long ago. The less you tell them the better.
Here's the thing, these things MUST BE
DONE PROMPTLY. There is a time period when you must respond. In my case,
it was a couple of weeks.
What I said is "I do not admit that I
have ..." for every single assertion. For the section called
"Interrogatives", I said, "I choose not to discuss ...". And ended it by
saying, I demand that you "cease and desist from bothering me further
on this matter." Someone suggested that. It made me feel good but I'm
not sure it mattered.
Once you figure out what to say, take your
answers to the legal self-help guy and show them to him or her. Then
file the answer in whatever way the lawyer says.
If you can't
bring yourself to do that, I got away with mailing the answer to the
collection company. I used registered mail with a return receipt so that
I had a record. Were I to do it again, I would sign it and have it
notarized but, I didn't and it still worked.
JERKED AROUND BY PROFESSIONALSEventually,
I got a notice for a summary judgement hearing. Then I got a notice that it had been rescheduled. Then another and another. Clearly, they were trying to confuse me in the hope that, when the time came, I would not show up. Because I was very, very suspicious, I actually went to the courtroom for every one of the dates– four or five times – just to make sure that nothing was going on behind my back.
I think this was probably a waste of time. If this happens to you, I suggest that you call the judge's office. It's like a doctor. A clerk answers and, you can ask your question. In this case, instead of wasting my time going there, I would call and ask, "I got a reschedule notice for case #xxx [it's on the paperwork]. I want to make sure I have it right. I think I am supposed to show up on [whatever date]." The clerk, once I met her, was very nice and just wanted to make sure everything was smooth and easy for her judge.
In any case, do whatever you have to do to keep this organized. THEY ARE TRYING TO CONFUSE YOU. DON'T LET THEM.
WHERE I SCREWED UP
When I finally got to the hearing, I found out that I screwed
up. It turns out that none of the stuff that I had mailed to thecollection company made it to the judge in a form that could be used for my
benefit. (My two letters were in their package but, for some reason,
those did not constitute 'disagreement of facts'.)
What I had
thought was that those two documents would be in the case already. The
judge explained that I was wrong. They weren't. She also said, and this
is really important, that I was to be held to the same procedural
standards as an attorney. If you have this, or anything else adverse
happen, ASK THE JUDGE FOR TIME TO MAKE IT RIGHT. Tell him or her that
you will see the legal self-help, hire a lawyer, whatever, to get the
paperwork right. Probably the time will be granted.
FILING A FORMAL ANSWER
Turns
out that the response during the extra time I was granted also must be
done promptly. I don't remember the exact number but, my paperwork had
to be filed within a week and a half or something. This time I did meet
with the legal self-help. I told him my objections and he told me to
write them down, get it notarized and file it with the court office on
the third floor.
I did this immediately but was horrified to find
that there was a substantial fee for filling the paperwork, $324!
However, legal self-help can give you paperwork to file with the judge
to get the fee waived. I'm under the impression that they are fairly
lenient about that, but I just paid it. I did not want to have any more
interaction with the judge than necessary.
Remember though, THIS SHOULD BE DONE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER YOU GET THE FIRST NOTICE FOR THE HEARING.
The disagreement fact
that I claimed is that I believed that I had paid all my debts and that I
did not recall owing money to this company. I said other stuff but
don't think it mattered. The important thing is that I had to formally say, "I do not owe that money,"
to get a trial.
In retrospect, I think that I could have simply used notarized copies of my first two letters. They made clear that I disagreed with the facts and did not agree that I owed money.
SUMMARY JUDGEMENT HEARINGAt the second
summary hearing (also at the first but that was moot), I asked the judge
if I could make a statement. I said a bunch of things that I don't
think mattered and one that did. I ASKED THE JUDGE FOR A TRIAL. YOU
HAVE TO ASK.
The collection company responded that I had waited
too long to file, that I was implausible, that it was obvious I was
lying, and several other things that she just made up on the spot. If
there had been a kitchen sink nearby, that would have been thrown in.
The
judge said that this was a hearing for summary judgement, not time to
decide what was true and false. Then said that there was clearly a
disagreement of fact and that she would grant my request for a trial.
She set a trial date about six weeks ahead. (Goal achieved.)
After
the first hearing when I got the extension, the lawyer for the
collection company was very confident. I told her that I thought this
was a mistake and that I didn't remember owing any money. She insisted
that I couldn't say that in court (I could and did) and that, if it went
to trial, there would be no settlement. That last said with heavy
emphasis and a hilarious attempt to be a powerful bully. If you are
inclined to be intimidated by people, just tell the person you'll talk
about it later and walk away. YOU HAVE ABSOLUTELY NO OBLIGATION TO TALK
TO OR BE NICE TO THE COLLECTION COMPANY LAWYER AND YOU SHOULD NOT.
Anything you say will be used against you.
THE SUIT IS DISMISSEDAbout
two weeks before the trial, an envelope shows up from the collection
company. It is a request to dismiss the suit, "without prejudice". A
couple of days later, a signed copy arrives where the judge says it's
dismissed "with prejudice." "Without" means that they can raise the case
again if they ever want to. "With" means that this judgement is to be
considered final. That is, a new judge should consider this already to
have been settled. That is better.
Before I got this, I did go to legal self-help
after the hearing and before the trial (and before the dismissal) to
ask if there is anything I should do to prepare and what I should say in
court. He told me I should object to the collection company putting
copies of old bills into evidence at the trial and that that should do
it.
He also told me to lay low relative to the collection
company. I had thought to do something like, ask for documentation about
the old bills or something. He said not to telegraph my strategy. He
said do not contact them at all.
A WARNING ABOUT LEGAL SELF-HELPThis
brings up another point about legal self-help. They are not
strategists. Nobody brought up the idea of using hearsay as a way to
defend this suit. When I suggested it (a lawyer friend of mine
instructed me on the strategy of this entire experience), the self-help
guy was amazed. I asked him if it fit the law hereabouts and he said
yes and that he thought it should work. He said that the judge would be surprised because it was rare for a
civilian to defend this kind of thing on a "matter of law".
Which
is to say, use legal self-help to help you with forms and paperwork and
filing. Though the strategy I used seems to me to be universally
applicable, talk to lawyer friends about it. If can afford it, get a
lawyer and tell him or her about this experience. Tell the legal
self-help person about it. Bring as many brains to bear on your issue as
you can. For good measure, explaining it will get you ready to tell the
judge if you have to.
The good news is that you probably won't.